Metamaterials-JiaoranBUD
lenovo
2024-03-16
stimuliresponsive materials will be able to react to the stimuli
of external physical fields.
When stimulated, the metamaterials can automatically
deform, make motions, and change their structural properties
or functions according to external environments,
the changes of the material
microstructures when the external field
(such as, temperature, external force)
continuously applies to the material
until a specific condition
Strain mismatch refers to the discontinuous changes of strain
Due to the different mechanical properties, the uncoordinated
strain of each part results in
internal stress at the interface under the effect of
environmental or load conditions, which furtherly lead to the
bending or deformation of the structure.
material-instability-based metamaterial design
is to controlling the number of the minimum potential
energy
points of the materials
unconstrained homogeneous materials
generally yield uniformly expansions or
contractions as the temperature rises or
falls
[data-driven methods] Identify Clusters
unlabeled data to search for
undetected patterns of the given
dataset
decision making.
It is about learning the optimal behavior in an
environment to obtain maximum reward:
rewarding desired behaviors and/or punishing
undesired ones
[]
[Task Driven] Predict next value
map inputs to outputs with data being
labeled
establish the relation of the input/
output parameters
match the input data structure required
by the selected ML model, and consist of
essential material
features to ensure high accuracy and
training efficiency
Gradient-based algorithms require
gradient or sensitivity information, in
addition to function evaluations, to
determine adequate search directions for
better designs during optimization
iterations.
mechanism: properties to create
reconfidurable/
Please see this
ifurcation behavior, mobility analysis,
origami plate structures, high-order
Topics Metamaterialsa
@@ Additive M
@@ Lab Available
@@@@ Material Jetting
@ DESIGN
@@ Recommd
@ PROPERTY
@@@ INVERSE DESIGN
@@@@ ORIGAMI
@@@@ KIRIGAMI
@ REVIEW
@ APPLICATION
@@ REVIEW: STIMULI-responsive
materials
@@@ review external physical fields
heat/Temperature
chemicals
light field
electric current
magnetic field
pressure action
@@@ SOFT ROBOT
@@@ Microfluidics
@@@ Flexible energy storage
materials
@@@ WEARABLE devices/SENSORS
Bionic gripper.
@ Paper collection
@@ phase transition
@ Driving force
@@ strain mismatch
@@ mechanical instability
topology optimization
solid phase, liquid phase, and gas
phase
@@ Structural Optimization
materials deployment=>active
deformation and controllable response
@ Equipments
@@ Others
@@ Simulation software Available
@@ Material Available
@@@@ Binder Jetting
a powder based material and a binder
@@@@ Material Extrusion
@@@@ Powder Bed Fusion(PBF)
@@@@ Sheet Lamination
@@@@ Directed Energy Deposition(DED)
@@@@ VAT Photopolymerisation
liquid photopolymer resin+light
Fuse deposition modelling (FDM)
Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), Electron beam melting (EBM), Selective heat sintering
(SHS), Selective laser melting (SLM) and Selective laser sintering (SLS)
@@@ PATTERN
@@@@ 1D,2D->3D
different expansion coefficients material
stimulated by a external (force or thermal) stimuli
unconstrained homogeneous materials
Material
Stimuli
1D,2D->3D->4D
different expansion coefficients material
stimulated by a external (force or thermal)
stimuli
unconstrained homogeneous materials
Material
Stimuli
Micro
Macro
structural instabilities
instabilities in microstructured materials
@@@ Scale
phase transformations
domain patterning
strain localization
@@@@ STRUCTURAL CURVING
@@@@ BUCKLING
@@@@ TWISTING
@@@@ WRINCLING
@@@@ FOLDING
@@@@ PRESSURE/INDENTATION
@@@ material instability
@@@ structural-instability
skip the uniform deformation and
rapidly jump to the position with low potential energy,
@@@ Application:Structural
Optimization
@@@@ size optimization
@@@@ shape optimization
express various mechanics indexes of the structure as a function related to the
material distribution, and establish optimization algorithms with constraints to find
the optimal solution, and optimize a specific performance of the material.
Application
method
arranging the distribution of the materials to obtain the desired performance of
the structure within the specified design domain
@ Analysis Process
Thermal-Responsive
commercially available/self-assembled 3D printer
with different printing methods (i.e., DLP, SLA, FDM, and PolyJet 3D printers in the labs for polymer and composite 3D printing. Have access to metal printing too.
Stereolithography (SLA)
Digital Light Processing (DLP)
Chemical-Responsive
Light-Responsive
Electro-Responsive
Magneto-Responsive
Pressure-Responsive
Pneumatic Actuation
Hydraulic Actuation
@@ PRACTICAL
@ ML
@@ ML: Problem solving
@@@ Optimization
@@@ Design
@@@ Prediction
@@ ML METHODS
@@@ Supervised learning
@@@ unsupervised learning
@@@ Reinforcement learning
@@@@ Methods
k-means clustering
Generative adversarial networks (GANs)
@@@ semi-supervised learning
graph neural networks (GNNs)
Methods
Methods
graph neural networks (GNNs)
graph neural networks (GNNs)
graph neural networks (GNNs)
Methods
Support vector machine(SVR)
Linear regression/polynomial regression
random forest (RF)
Feedforward neural network (FFNN);
Generative adversarial networks (GANs)
Methods
Gaussian process regression (GPR);
Bayesian learning
Train two opponent neural networks to
generate and discriminate separately until
the two networks reach equilibrium;
generate new data according to the
distribution of training set
Prediction of modulus distribution by solving inverse elasticity
problems;
prediction of strain or stress fields in composites;
composite design;
structural topology optimization;
architected materials design
Treat parameters as random variables and
calculate the probability distribution of these
variables;
quantify the uncertainty of model predictions
Modulus or strength prediction;
design of supercompressible and recoverable
metamaterials
Operate on non-Euclidean data
structures;
applicable tasks include link prediction,
node classification and graph
classification
Hardness prediction;127 architected
materials design168
Sub
Conditional Generative Adversarial Network
(CGAN)
Appli.
A generative adversarial network (GAN) is
a type of deep learning network that can
generate data with similar characteristics
as the input training data.
Defi.
generator+discriminator: [inverse design]
It could reversely predict multiple sets of metamaterial
structures that can meet the needs by inputting the required
target prop.
Appli.
membrane inflation+binary material( shape changing capabilities)
pre-programmed 3D shapes starting from 2D planar composite membranes
@@ Analysis Process
@@@ Modeling/simulation
@@@ Experimental and numerical
validation
@@@ Summary:
@@@ Selection: Proper algorithm
model
Inputs
outputs
types of materials
architectures(micro)
Material Property
stiffness
@@@ Database generation:
@@@ Machine learning
prediction
Model training
model evaluation
FEA
Inputs/outpus
data(2)
Application
output:generating structural property form
flexibility
Dataset
predict the properties
tailor the micro-architectures
for metamaterials according to external
conditions.
literature/existing databases
high-throughput experiments
FEA-SIMULATION
Data resource
Data preprocess
Computational problems
Model Design
1)ML-based Applicable: a well-defined research problem of
mechanical materials that has not been addressed by conventional
methods, or has been solved but can be outperformed by
ML-based approaches.
Possible material database
small set of dataset
~10% dataset: evaluation
~90% dataset: training data
Data order: shuffled
@@@@
laser cutting machine
[6] Machine Learning-Evolutionary Algorithm
Enabled Design for 4D-Printed Active
Composite Structures
bilayer composite+stimuli
+strain mismatch+4D
shape changing design
@@@@ 3D->4D
time,3D printed parts to transform
their shapes in the 4th dimension
Problem
[forward problem]
predicting shape changes for given material or
property distributions
[inverse problem]
of finding the optimal material or property
distribution to obtain the desired shape change.
[Simulation]
accurate numerical models (or predictive
models),
incorporating the forward predictive model
into some
[optimization algorithms]//topology
Optimization
topology optimization
soft actuators
@@@ Algorithms
@@@@ gradient-free optimization algorithms
@@@@ Gradient-based algorithms
evolutionary algorithms
@@@@ Propertyies optimmization
Supporting ref
4D PRINTING
Paper structure
[Matlab]
[DLP+Resin]
Topology optimization is an iterative
gradient-based design process which
minimizes an objective and satisfies a set
of selected design constraints by
distributing material in a design domain.
Define
Define
Methods
Appli.
designing certain shape-changing
responses of active composites/// other
engineering structural problems.
Polyjet tech
Compatible materials Tactile, opaque, flexible, transparent or rigid–
the J55™ Prime offers a wide range of materials to suit all your design needs. Multi-material capabilities let
you load up to five materials at once and create multi-color or multi shore level parts in one print. With
expansive options for color and texture combinations, there’s no need for hand painting.
convolutional neural network (CNN)
ML
relies on numerous
iterations of FE simulations to explore a
large design space,
thus suffering from high computational
cost.
@@@@ thermo-mechanical tester for compression/tesions, torsion, bending analysis
@@@@ testers for measuring
thermal conductivity, electrical properties, piezoelectric and pyroelectric
coefficients
@@@ Lab Available Tester
@@@ Simulation software ANSYS
@@@ Simulation software COMSOL
@@@ Simulation software Abaqus
@@@ Lab Available AM
@@@ Lab Available Processing
Anisotropic compression behaviors of bio-inspired modified body-centered cubic lattices validated by additive
manufacturing
@ Interesting Topic
@@ SoftPneuActuator+PDMS
@@@ Soft Pneu Actuator
PDMS/Polymer
@@@ ML
@@@ Tentative Idea
@@@ FEA
Polymer Hysteresis
Soft Pneumatic Actuator-Actuation
@@@@ Constrain
@@@ AM
@@@ Modeling Analysis
@@@@ Compliant mechanism
@@@@ Flexible-based structure
FEA
compliant structure's kinematics and
statics
pseudo-rigid-body (PRB) model
FEA
Material
Analysis methods
FEA
FEA Tutorial for Soft Actuator
[1]
[2]
@@@@ Data-driven foward+inverse
ML model
Data Acquisition
Data preprocess
inverse
forward
Strain mismatch
Compliant mechanism+flexible materials
@@@@ Compliant mechanism+flexible
materials
[Paper] Introducing Mass Parameters to Pseudo-Rigid-Body Models for Precisely
Predicting Dynamics of Compliant Mechanisms
Analysis methods
FEA
Dynamics
[Paper] Programmable Multistable
Perforated Shellular
@@@@ Design
Material
Property
Changing Stiffness?
variable stiffness beam concepts as
stiffness change unit. Multiple units can be
combined to construct variable stiffness
Design synthesis of new compliant
mechanisms will be conducted based on
the modular unit concepts.
[Paper] Machine learning-based design and optimization of curved beams for
multistable structures and metamaterials
different flexible material
[Paper]Soft Pneumatic Actuator with Adjustable Stiffness Layers for Multi-DoF Actuation
Inspiration
[Paper]3D Printing of a Polydimethylsiloxane/
Polytetrafluoroethylene
Composite Elastomer and its Application in a Triboelectric
Nanogenerator
Reference
flexible shape changing soft pneumatic
actuator
Intro.
[Paper]Soft Robotics: A Review of Recent Developments of Pneumatic Soft Actuators
[PAPER] Inverse Design of Inflatable Soft Membranes Through
Machine Learning
frame constrain structure
Posture assessment
Forward+inverse
@@@@ PDMS
[PAPER] 3D Printing of a Polydimethylsiloxane/
Polytetrafluoroethylene
Composite Elastomer and its Application in a Triboelectric
Nanogenerator
@@@@ Soft Pneumatic Actuator
[PAPER] A Review of 3D-Printable Soft Pneumatic Actuators
and
Sensors: Research Challenges and Opportunities
Multi-DoF Actuation
[PAPER] Soft Pneumatic Actuator with
Adjustable Stiffness Layers for
Multi-DoF Actuation
Predicting Dynamics of Compliant
Mechanisms
[Paper] Introducing Mass Parameters to
Pseudo-Rigid-Body Models for Precisely
Predicting Dynamics of Compliant
Mechanisms
[PAPER] A proposed soft pneumatic
actuator
control based on angle estimation
from data-driven model
Design of soft multi-material pneumatic
actuators based on principal
strain field
[PAPER] Position Control for Soft
Actuators, Next Steps toward
Inherently Safe Interaction
Mixting ratio
[PAPER] Mechanical Characterization of PDMS with Different
Mixing
Ratios
Subtopic
[PAPER] Fabrication and Dynamic
Modeling of Bidirectional
Bending Soft Actuator Integrated with
Optical
Waveguide Curvature Sensor
Modelling Large Deflection of a Compliant
Mechanism
[PAPER] Modelling Large Deflection of a Compliant Mechanism: A Comparative
Study Using Discrete Euler Beam Constraint Model, Discrete Timoshenko Beam
Constrain Model, Finite Element Method and Experiment
Our learning framework has the potential to shape future fusion research and tokamak development. Underspecified objectives can find
configurations that maximize a desired performance objective or even maximize power production. Our architecture can be rapidly deployed on
a new tokamak without the need to design and commission the complex system of controllers deployed today, and evaluate proposed designs
before they are constructed. More broadly, our approach may enable the discovery of new reactor designs by jointly optimizing the plasma
shape, sensing, actuation, wall design, heat load and magnetic controller to maximize overall performance.
Dimensionality reduction
Principal Component Analysis (PCA),
Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and
Truncated Singular Value Decomposition
(SVD)
Factor Analysis (FA)
From Hamid Akbarzadeh, Dr.
piezo (mechanical + electrical coupling)
Hamid Akbarzadeh, Dr.
pyroelectric (temperature + electrical coupling)
soft material most. If not , used as sensors/actuater
@@@@ DIW directed ink writing
@@@@ Selective laser sintering (SLS)
@@ STRUCTURAL DESIGN
@@ MULTI-FUNCTIONAL/Multi-
Functionality
@@ MATERIAL PROPERTY
@@ MECHANICAL PROPERTY
Rational design of piezoelectric metamaterials with tailored electro-momentum coupling
Analysis and Optimisation of Periodic Piezoelectric Materials
Optimization of piezoelectric
metamaterials
# Multi-objective structural optimisation of
piezoelectric materials
@@@ Piezoelectric Materials
Softrobo+Motion control+dielectric
elastomer actuators
Motion Control of a Soft Circular Crawling
Robot via Iterative
Learning Control∗
As an actuation technology of soft robots,
dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs)
exhibit many fantastic
attributes such as large strain and high energy density.
Ferroelectricity+AM
A 3D-printed molecular ferroelectric
metamaterial
Ferro
Ferroelectricity/https://www.britannica.com/science/ferroelectricity
What is the difference between dielectric and ferroelectric?
https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_are_the_differences_between_insulator_dielectrics_and_paraelectrics
ferroelectric and piezoelectric(direct piezoelectric effect/inverse piezoelectric effect)?
Piezoelectricity is a property of certain dielectric materials to physically deform in the presence of an electric
field, or conversely, to produce an electrical charge when mechanically deformed.
ferroelectricity, property of certain nonconducting crystals, or dielectrics, that exhibit spontaneous electric
polarization (separation of the centre of positive and negative electric charge, making one side of the crystal
positive and the opposite side negative) that can be reversed in direction by the application of an
appropriate electric field.
https://www.nrel.gov/materials-science/piezoelectric-ferroelectric-materials.html
Ferro Intro
@@@ Elastic/Auxetic material
Auxetic materials, structures, fabrics (or also “Auxetics”, a term that commonly groups all of
them)
are materials that exhibit an unexpected behaviour when they are subjected to
mechanical stresses and strains.
@@@@ intro.
PAPER
ferroelectric metamaterials
Tunable ferroelectric auxetic
metamaterials for guiding elastic waves in
three-dimensions
Metamaterials are artificial material systems that can be designed for extraordinary static and dynamic
properties, such as negative effective Poisson’s ratio, mass density, or Young’s modulus [1], [2].
Metamaterials have been proposed for numerous applications in controlling sound, vibrations, and heat.
Such applications range from wave guiding, cloaking, thermal diodes, energy transfer optimization to
acoustic rectifiers [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17]. Traditionally,
metamaterials designs are fixed, i.e., once fabricated, their effective properties cannot be changed.
However, a growing trend in metamaterials’ research is utilizing dynamically tunable designs, thus
opening the door for more potential applications and functional integration in devices. Tunability can be
achieved through a variety of methods including mechanical (e.g., by considering application of external
loads) [18], [19], [20], [21], thermal (e.g., through shape memory effects [22]), electrical (e.g., from nano
[23] to macro-scale systems [24], [25], [26]), or magnetic [27], [28], [29] stimuli. While some studies of
tunable piezoelectric metamaterials have been reported in the literature [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35],
harnessing the effects of ferroelectric poling to tune metamaterials properties remains relatively
unexplored. Here, we discuss the interplay between different tuning avenues in a three-dimensional
metamaterial, namely poling effects and mechanical deformations.
@@@ Ferroelectric metamaterials
@@@ PROPERTY ADJUSTABLE
@@@@ stiffness designable
metamaterials
@@@@ negative Poisson’s ratio
metamaterials
@@@@ negative thermal
expansion (NTE) metamaterials
negative stiffness
@@@@ energy absorption
@@@ SHAPE CHANGE/shape morphing/shape memory
@@@ extreme mechanical properties
@@ TUNABLE/PROGRAMMABLE
Twisting for soft intelligent autonomous robot in unstructured environments
Environment-responsive soft robots constructed from twisted LCE
ribbons with a stra
@@ ML: DATA-DRIVEN
@@ REVIEW: ML
@@@ Utilization
data collection, generation and
preprocessing
mechanical property prediction
materials design
Active learning in materials science
@@@ Dielectrics/Dielectric elastomers
Electromagnetic Reconfiguration Using
Stretchable Mechanical Metamaterials
PAPERS
Tunable thermally bistable multi-material structure
PAPERS
# 3D Printed Graphene-Based
Metamaterials: Guesting Multi-
Functionality in One Gain
Advanced functional materials with fascinating properties and extended structural design have
greatly broadened their applications. Metamaterials, exhibiting unprecedented physical
properties (mechanical, electromagnetic, acoustic, etc.), are considered frontiers of physics,
material science, and engineering. With the emerging 3D printing technology, the
manufacturing of metamaterials becomes much more convenient. Graphene, due to its
superior properties such as large surface area, superior electrical/thermal conductivity, and
outstanding mechanical properties, shows promising applications to add multi-functionality into
existing metamaterials for various applications. In this review, the aim is to outline the latest
developments and applications of 3D printed graphene-based metamaterials. The structure
design of different types of metamaterials and the fabrication strategies for 3D printed
graphene-based materials are first reviewed. Then the representative explorations of 3D
printed graphene-based metamaterials and multi-functionality that can be introduced with such
a combination are further discussed. Subsequently, challenges and opportunities are provided,
seeking to point out future directions of 3D printed graphene-based metamaterials.
@@@@ STRETCHABLE
@@ DESIGN METHODS
@@@ FORWARD DESIGN
@@@ Multidimentional
@@ RECONFIGURATION(configuration/configurable)
3D Printed Fractal Metamaterials with
Tunable Mechanical Properties and
Shape Reconfiguration
@@@ Electromagnetic/Magneto
negative
zero
Multi-material topology optimization and additive manufacturing for metamaterials incorporating
double negative indexes of Poisson’s ratio and thermal expansion
Machine learning-based inverse design of auxetic metamaterial with zero
Poisson’s ratio
@@@@ CONFORMAL
# Conformal elasticity of mechanism-based metamaterials
@@@@ Nonlinear
Inverse Design of Mechanical Metamaterials with Target Nonlinear Response via a Neural Accelerated Evolution Strategy
Learning the nonlinear dynamics of mechanical metamaterials with graph
networks
the unique nonlinear dynamics of certain types of soft mechanical
metamaterials. However, capturing the nonlinear dynamic response of these
materials especially those with complex geometries, can be a challenge due
to the strong nonlinearity and large computational cost. An efficient and
reliable framework to predict the overall response of the metamaterials
based on the geometry of their building blocks is not only key to
understanding the unique behavior of metamaterials, but also vital to the
rational design of such materials.
metamaterial graph network
lattice-like metamaterial structure. The
Topological invariant and anomalous edge
modes of strongly nonlinear systems
@@@ THERMAL
@@@@ PAPERS
Bistable and Multistable Actuators for Soft Robots: Structures, Materials, and Functionalities
@@ MULTI-STABLE/BISTABLE
Bistable and Multistable Actuators for Soft Robots: Structures, Materials, and Functionalities
[Paper] Inverse Design of Mechanical Metamaterials That
Undergo Buckling
@@@ AM METHODS
@@@ AM ANALYSYS
defect influence
identify the most important defect and
design features that determine the
mechanical properties of the overall
structure.
Machine learning assisted
investigation of defect influence on
the mechanical properties of
additively manufactured architected
materials
@@@ Simulation software FEA
@@@@ data-driven simulation
Magneto-Thermomechanically
Reprogrammable Mechanical
Metamaterials
# Magnetorheological Fluid-Based Flow
Control for Soft Robots
Video
actuation methods
such as shape-memoryalloys,
[7,8]dielectric elastomers,
[9]ionicpolymers,[10,11]and hydrogel-
based actua-tors,[1
Refer
[18]Soft Poly-Limbs: Toward a New
Paradigm of Mobile
Manipulation for Daily Living Tasks
@@@@ ELASTIC/VISCOELASTIC
shape memory polymers
(SMPs)
shape-memoryalloys
@@@@ shape memory material
@ FABRICATION
@@@ shape memory polymers (SMPs)
@@@ liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs)
@@ COMPOSITEs
@@@ shape-memory alloys (SMAs)
@@@ intro.composites
Paper
Multi Jet Fusion printed lattice materials:
characterization and prediction of
mechanical performance
Multi Jet Fusion (MJF) is a powder-bed fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing process that enables high-resolution, rapid fabrication of large-scale polymer parts. In particular, the MJF process enables direct printing of
structures without the need for support material, enabling complex geometries such as lattices and scaffolds to be manufactured with minimal post-processing.
The lattice structure is a highly tunable geometry
that
can form the stiff, strong backbone of larger-scale designs, facilitating time and material efficiency in the printing process compared to a solid body. While the benefits of lattice-based designs produced with powder-bed
fusion processes are clear, there currently exist few studies that empirically characterize the mechanical performance of lattices printed using MJF. In this work, we treat each lattice as an assembly of components
(beams and nodes), with each component defined by its nominal size and orientation. To study the effect of changing these parameters on material properties, lattice unit cells of structural interest are modeled with their
beam diameters, node sizes, and unit cell geometries varied. Specimens are printed using polyamide (PA)-12 powder, then mechanically tested to determine strength and stiffness. The results are used to determine
empirical fitting parameters to the Gibson–Ashby scaling model of lattices, previously unapplied to MJF-printed structures. To further develop a model of the structure's geometry-dependent behavior, the varying failure
modes of printed lattices are also characterized. The results of this work provide a foundation for the design optimization of lattices printed using Multi Jet Fusion, in turn developing a fundamental model for a variety of
large-scale printable structures.
PAPERS
Auxetic Kirigami Metamaterials upon
Large Stretching
@@@@ PAPER
Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Auxetic Metamaterials by
Incorporating Nonrectangular Cross Sections into Their Component
Rods: A Finite Element Analysis
Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Auxetic Metamaterials by Incorporating Nonrectangular
Cross Sections into Their Component Rods: A Finite Element Analysis
Additively Manufactured Mechanical Metamaterial-Based Pressure Sensor
with Tunable Sensing Properties for Stance and Motion Analysis
Additively Manufactured Mechanical Metamaterial-Based Pressure Sensor with Tunable
Sensing Properties for Stance and Motion Analysis
PAPERS
Additively Manufactured Mechanical
Metamaterial-Based Pressure Sensor with
Tunable Sensing Properties for Stance
and Motion Analysis
The gyroid structures are printed using
fused deposition modeling (FDM)3D
printing with thermoplastic polyurethane
(TPU), providing mechanicalrobustness
even at low densities.
The Extreme Mechanics of Viscoelastic
MetamaterialsA
PAPER
PAPER
The Extreme Mechanics of Viscoelastic
MetamaterialsA
PAPER
@@@ REVIEW: responsive architected
materials
Responsive materials architected in space and time
@@@ MACHINE/MACHINING
MOULDING/MOLDING
Stereolithography is a technique for
layer by layer
structure fabrication, where
a laser beam is focused
to a free surface of a photosensitive liquid to
induce polymerization
of the liquid in that region and
transform it to a polymerized solid
What is the difference between DLP vs
SLA? Both are 3D printing processes that
work with photopolymers,
but DLP uses a
more conventional light source
, such
as an arc lamp, rather than a UV light as
in SLA.
DLP machine uses a projected
light source to cure the entire layer at
once. The part is formed layer by
layer.
SLA printers trace out a path with
the laser, curing along that path.
Sheet lamination is an additive
manufacturing (AM) methodology where
thin sheets of material (usually supplied
via a system of feed rollers)
are bonded
together layer-by-layer to form a single
piece
that is cut into a 3D object.
CNC machining
microfabrication
Responsive materials architected in space and time
@@@@ PAPER
Paper
Dielectric elastomers offer multiple
potential applications with the potential to
replace many electromagnetic actuators,
pneumatics and piezo actuators.
@@@ pyroelectric
@@@ dielectric piezoelectric
pyroelectric ferroelectric
@@ ELECTRICAL PROPERTY
The key difference between piezoelectric pyroelectric and ferroelectric is that the
piezoelectric effect is the generation of a surface charge in response to the application of
external stress to a material but, the pyroelectric effect is the change in the spontaneous
polarization of a material in response to a change in temperature. Whereas, the ferroelectric
effect is a change in the surface charge in response to the change in the spontaneous
polarization.
@@@@ LATTICE
Generative machine learning algorithm for lattice structures with superior mechanical properties
Micro-Scale Auxetic Hierarchical Mechanical Metamaterials for Shape Morphing
Machine learning-based inverse design of auxetic metamaterial with zero
Poisson's ratio
Micro-Scale Auxetic Hierarchical Mechanical Metamaterials for Shape Morphing
Micro-Scale Auxetic Hierarchical Mechanical Metamaterials for Shape Morphing
PAPER
@@@@ with Python
Pattern transformation induced waisted post-buckling of perforated cylindrical shells
@@@@ SHELL
Pattern transformation induced waisted post-buckling of perforated cylindrical shells
[Paper] Programmable Multistable
Perforated Shellular
The shell microstructure of the pteropod Creseis acicula is composed of
nested arrays of S-shaped aragonite fibers: A unique biological material
@@@@ nonlinear finite element
simulations.
@@ MATERIAL DESIGN
@@@ MULTIMATERIAL
Tunable thermally bistable multi-material
structure
Tunable thermally bistable multi-material structure
PAPER
Inverse design strategies for buckling-guided assembly of 3D surfaces based on topology optimization
Inverse design strategies for buckling-guided assembly of 3D surfaces based on topology optimization
Magneto-Thermomechanically
Reprogrammable Mechanical
Metamaterials
Deep Learning-Accelerated Designs of Tunable Magneto-Mechanical Metamaterials
@@@ Laminar Jamming Structures
(LJS)
Shape memory meta-laminar jamming actuators fabricated by 4D printing
water transfer
A study on heat and mass transfer
through vegetated porous concrete for
environmental control
Subtopic
Totimorphic assemblies from neutrally stable units
@@@@ Energy/energetically
equivalent
Totimorphic assemblies from neutrally stable units
Inverse Design of Mechanical Metamaterials with Target Nonlinear Response via a Neural Accelerated Evolution Strategy
Knowledge extraction and transfer in data-driven fracture mechanics
Shape memory meta-laminar jamming actuators fabricated by 4D printing
Shape memory meta-laminar jamming actuators fabricated by 4D printing
Mobility and Kinematic Bifurcation
Analysis of Origami Plate Structures
Special Pattern/unit cell/CELLULAR
Design of isotropic 2D chiral metamaterials based on monohedral pentagonal
tessellations
Insect-scale jumping robots enabled by a dynamic buckling cascade
h unidirectional muscles and power
amplificatio
Soft Robotics in Healthcare: Challenges in Design and Control
A New Phenomenological Model for the Crushing Failure Mechanism Lattice Structures
Modeling and design of three-dimensional voxel printed lattice metamaterials
Inverse design strategies for buckling-guided assembly of 3D surfaces based on topology optimization
# Inverse design strategies for buckling-guided assembly of 3D surfaces based on topology
optimization
Controlling Malleability of Metamaterials through Programmable Memory
a deformedmaterial can be forced to
recover its shape by heating.
Bioinspired Soft Elastic Metamaterials for Reconstruction of Natural Hearing
Trimorph origami
Triclinic Metamaterials by Tristable Origami with Reprogrammable Frustration
The Trimorph origami demonstrates the possibility of creating origami metamaterials
with
symmetries that are hitherto nonexistent,
leading to
triclinic metamaterials with
tunable anisotropy
for potential applications such as wave propagation control and
compliant microrobots.
Triclinic Metamaterials by Tristable Origami with Reprogrammable Frustration
intro.
Trimorph origami pattern with a simple
and insightful geometry: a basic unit cell
with four tilted panels and four
corresponding creases.
In this PAPER we use computational
structural optimisation to consider the
multi-objective design of piezoelectric
materials for both stiffness and
piezoelectric properties.
Piezoelectric materials have wide sensing
and energy transduction applications due
to their inherent coupling of mechanical
deformation and electric field.
A fluidic relaxation oscillator for
reprogrammable sequential actuation in
soft robots
Growth rules for irregular architected
materials with programmable properties
Programmable/Tunable Design
In-plane elasticity of beetle elytra inspired sandwich cores
The Beetle Elytron Plate (BEP) is a new
class of biomimetic sandwich core that
features excellent compressive strength,
energy absorption capacity and flexural
properties.
A mechanical metamaterial with reprogrammable logical functions
PAPERS
Predicting deformation mechanisms in architected metamaterials using GNN
custom Poisson’s ratios
Sequential metamaterials with alternating Poisson’s ratios
Kirigami auxetic structure for high efficiency power harvesting in self-powered and wireless structural health monitoring systems
Combining advanced 3D printing technologies with origami principles: A new paradigm for
the design of functional, durable, and scalable springs
Combining advanced 3D printing technologies with origami principles: A new paradigm for
the design of functional, durable, and scalable springs
Conformal elasticity of mechanism-based metamaterials
Multi-material
Multi-material topology optimization and additive manufacturing for metamaterials incorporating double negative indexes of Poisson’s ratio and thermal expansion
Multi-material topology optimization and additive manufacturing for metamaterials incorporating double negative indexes of Poisson’s ratio and thermal expansion
Multi-material topology optimization and additive manufacturing for metamaterials incorporating double negative indexes of Poisson’s ratio and thermal expansion
Bioinspired Soft Elastic Metamaterials for Reconstruction of Natural Hearing
Bioinspired Soft Elastic Metamaterials for Reconstruction of Natural Hearing
Deep Learning-Accelerated Designs of Tunable Magneto-Mechanical Metamaterials
In this work, we develop an
inverse design framework
where
a
deep residual network replaces the conventional finite-
element analysis for acceleration,
realizing metamaterials
with predetermined global strains under magnetic actuations.
Direct Ink Writing (DIW)
4D PRINTING(Direct Ink Writing Based +appli.)
Deep Learning-Accelerated Designs of Tunable Magneto-Mechanical Metamaterials
@@@ REVIEW: Active Mechanical
Metamaterials
@@@ ML
4D PRINTING(Direct Ink Writing Based +appli.)
@@ REVIEW: AM
@@@ REVIEW: 3D PRINTING
Future of additive manufacturing: Overview of 4D and 3D printed smart and
advanced materials and their applications
@@@ REVIEW: 4D PRINTING
Mechanics-based design strategies for 4D printing: A review
@@ REVIEW: Application
@@@ REVIEW: Soft Actuator
# A Review of 3D-Printable Soft Pneumatic Actuators and
Sensors: Research Challenges and Opportunities
Physics informs machine learning for
crack-free printing of metals
@@@@ metal Crack free metal
printing
Crack free metal printing using physics informed machine learning
Direct Ink Writing: A 3D Printing Technology for Diverse Materials
A Highly Multi-Stable Meta-Structure via Anisotropy for Large and Reversible Shape
Transformation
A Highly Multi-Stable Meta-Structure via Anisotropy for Large and Reversible Shape
Transformation
Active mechanical metamaterial with embedded piezoelectric actuation
Active mechanical metamaterial with
embedded piezoelectric actuation
Harnessing Interpretable Machine Learning for Holistic Inverse Design of
Origami
Harnessing Interpretable Machine Learning for Holistic Inverse Design of
Origami
A Review on Origami Simulations: From Kinematics, To Mechanics, Toward
Multiphysics
A Review on Origami Simulations: From Kinematics, To Mechanics, Toward
Multiphysics
@@@ REVIEW: ORIGAMI
Inverse design of shell-based mechanical metamaterial with customized loading curves based on machine learning and genetic
algorithm
Inverse design of shell-based mechanical metamaterial with customized loading curves based on machine learning and
genetic algorithm
@@@ heuristic optimization methods
genetic algorithm (GA)
Genetic algorithm in machine learning is mainly adaptive heuristic or search engine algorithms that provide solutions for search and optimization
problems in machine learning. It is a methodology that solves unconstrained and constrained optimization problems based on natural selection.
Inverse design of shell-based mechanical metamaterial with customized loading curves based on machine learning and genetic
algorithm
Gan (Generative Adversarial Network)
Reinforcement Learning is a type of
machine learning algorithm that combines
supervised learning and unsupervised
learning techniques to enable machines to
learn by interacting with the environment.
Programming Multistable Metamaterials to Discover Latent Functionalities
@@@@ SNAPPING
Programming Multistable Metamaterials to Discover Latent Functionalities
A 1D array, that is chain, of bistable cells
is studied to explore instability-induced
energy release and snapping sequences
under one external mechanical stimulus.
Using multi-stable mechanical
metamaterials to develop deployable
structures, electrical devices, and
mechanical memories raises two
unanswered questions: [Programming M.]
1) First, can mechanical instability be
programmed to design sensors and
memory devices?
2) Second, how can mechanical properties
be tuned at the post-fabrication stage via
external stimuli? Answering these
questions requires a thorough
understanding of the snapping sequences
and variations of the elastic energy in
multistable metamaterials.
Shape-morphing structures based on perforated kirigami
@@@REVIEW: COMPOSITE
MATERIAL
Extraordinary Disordered Hyperuniform Multifunctional Composites
componentstructures that have
desirable
mechanical, thermal, electrical,optical,
acoustic and flow properties.
# Extraordinary Disordered Hyperuniform Multifunctional
Composites
componentstructures that have
desirable
mechanical, thermal, electrical,optical,
acoustic and flow properties.
Generative design, manufacturing, and molecular modeling of 3D architected materials based on natural language
input
Generative design, manufacturing, and molecular modeling of 3D architected materials based on natural language
input
@@@ NANO
Generative design, manufacturing, and molecular modeling of 3D architected materials based on natural language
input
The novel materials are further analyzed
in a metallic realization as an aluminum-
based nano-architecture, using molecular
dynamics modeling and thereby providing
mechanistic insights into the physical
behavior of the material under extreme
compressive loading.
A graded metamaterial for broadband and high-capability piezoelectric energy harvesting
# 3D Auxetic Metamaterials with Elastically-Stable Continuous Phase
Transition
Transfer Poisson
# 3D Auxetic Metamaterials with Elastically-Stable Continuous Phase
Transition
Dispersion relation prediction and structure inverse design of elastic metamaterials via deep learning
Slow kinks in dissipative kirigami
Topological invariant and anomalous edge
modes of strongly nonlinear systems
@@@ ANTENNA
Machine learning assisted
metamaterial‑based reconfgurable
antenna for low‑cost portable
electronic devices
Extra Tree Regression
3D Programmable Metamaterials Based
on Reconfigurable Mechanism Modules
3D Programmable Metamaterials
Based on Reconfigurable Mechanism
Modules
negative Poisson's ratio, positive
Poisson's ratio, and even zero Poisson's
ratio
3D Programmable Metamaterials Based
on Reconfigurable Mechanism Modules
negative Poisson's ratio, positive
Poisson's ratio, and even zero Poisson's
ratio
This work opens up avenues for the
design of programmable metamaterials
based on the perspective of kinematic
bifurcation generating from single DOF
systems,
Impact Resistance of 3D Cellular
Structures for Protective Clothing
PAPER
Intro
Impact Resistance of 3D Cellular
Structures for Protective Clothing
intro
@COLORS
TO BE READ
READ THOROLY
INTERESTING
The
shape memory effect in polymers and alloys
enables
programming the response of structures via temperature
changes
; however, the number of materials exhibiting such memory
behavior is limited,
their response to thermal load is
considerably slow, and programming is required to guide the
deformation of shape memory materials.
The recently revived
structural bistability
concept offers a
potential to design and program reconfigurable structures. In this
study, we introduce a
thermally bistable structure that displays an
abrupt shape memory effect along with snap-through instability
behavior.
We demonstrate the effect of the wall stiffness of the
structure on the bistability of a mechanically bistable element and its
nonlinear response. We utilize the thermal softening behavior of two
distinct polymers to design a bistable bimaterial structure that
restores its original shape when the environment reaches a specific
temperature, referred to as triggering temperature. The results
reveal that the triggering temperature can change within a range of
300C by changing the width ratio of the stiff material at the wall from
0 to 0.5 for specific material composition. The proposed concept
offers new opportunities to utilize tessellated bistable structures as
self-sensing actuators and intelligent deployable structures since
they can be designed to reconfigure in response to certain changes
in temperature.
The
shape memory effect in polymers and alloys
enables programming the response of structures via temperature changes;
however, the number of materials exhibiting such memory behavior is limited
, their response to thermal load is considerably slow,
and programming is required to guide the deformation of shape memory materials. The recently revived
structural bistability
concept offers a potential to design and program recon-figurable
structures.
In this study, we introduce a
thermally bistable structure
that
displays an abrupt shape memory effect along with snap-through instability behavior.
We demonstrate the effect of the wall stiffness of the structure on the bistability of a
mechanically bistable element and its nonlinear response
.
We utilize the thermal softening behavior of two distinct polymers to design a bistable bimaterial structure that restores its original shape when the environment reaches a specific
temperature, referred to as triggering temperature.
The results reveal that the triggering temperature can change within a range of 300C by changing the width ratio of the stiff material at the wall from 0 to 0.5 for specific material composition. The
proposed concept offers new oppor-tunities to utilize tessellated bistable structures as self-sensing actuators and intelligent deployable structures since they can be designed to reconfigure in
response to certain changes in temperature.
Programming
Tunable thermally bistable multi-material structure
The
shape memory effect in polymers and alloys
enables programming the response of
structures via temperature changes;
however, the number of materials exhibiting such memory behavior is limited
, their response
to thermal load is considerably slow,
and programming is required to guide the deformation of shape memory materials. The
recently revived
structural bistability
concept offers a potential to design and program
recon-figurable structures.
In this study, we introduce a
thermally bistable structure
that
displays an abrupt shape
memory effect along with snap-through instability behavior.
We demonstrate the effect of the wall stiffness of the structure on the bistability of a
mechanically bistable element and its nonlinear response
.
We utilize the thermal softening behavior of two distinct polymers to design a bistable
bimaterial structure that restores its original shape when the environment reaches a specific
temperature, referred to as triggering temperature. The results reveal that the triggering
temperature can change within a range of 300C by changing the width ratio of the stiff material
at the wall from 0 to 0.5 for specific material composition. The proposed concept offers new
oppor-tunities to utilize tessellated bistable structures as self-sensing actuators and intelligent
deployable structures since they can be designed to reconfigure in response to certain changes
in temperature.
Programming
0622 Reading assignment
Limit cycles turn active matter into robots
Inverse design of multishape metamaterials
Buckling Metamaterials for Extreme Vibration Damping
@@@@ isotropy and anisotropy
Non-orientable order and non-commutative response in frustrated metamaterials
Highlights
A bistable structure is designed and prototyped to respond to multi-physical stimuli.
Bimaterial thermally bistable structure can mimic the behavior of SMAs/SMPs.
Thermally bistable structure restores shape when heated to triggering temperature.
The triggering temperature can be tailored by changing the design parameters.
The proposed structure can be tessellated in different directions.
ABS.
@@@ INTRO.
@@@ soft robot review
bistable materials and structures
have two stable configurations;
they can remain in a:
1) non-initial stable equilibrium after deformation.
When we apply force to a deformable body and then remove it,
the body either deforms
permanently or restores its initial shape elastically.
2) The permanent deformation is often irreversible since it is associated with material failure
or plasticity;
3) however, bistable structures can
demonstrate reversible permanent deformation.
Application:
Methods.
fused filament fabrication (FFF) and direct writing (DW),
provide the means to
fabricate multistable one-dimensional and two-dimensional structures with
tailored buckling for
restorable shock absorbers
bistable structures
PAPERS
Triple Jetting: 3D Printing Polyjet Technology
Intro.
Droplets of material are deposited from the print head onto surface
where required,
using either thermal or piezoelectric method.
Droplets of material solidify and make up the first layer. Further layers
are built up as before on top of the previous.
Methods.
Application.
Tripple jetting technology also facilitates the fabrication of
more complex
torsional
[9,10] or hierarchical bistable [11] structures, which can achieve
multiple activated states depending on the magnitude and direction of
loading value.
Tripple jetting technology also facilitates the fabrication of more complex
torsional [9,10] or hierarchical bistable [11] structures, which can achieve
multiple activated states depending on the magnitude and direction of
loading value.
General
Tunable thermally bistable multi-material structure
The variety of
topologies proposed for bistable
architectures paves the path for designing structures
with targeted stable configurations.
Bistable structures have a
binary response
to loading
conditions, i.e., they can have
two stable configurations;
initial and deformed.
INTRO.
have two stable configurations; meaning that they can remain in a non-initial stable
equilibrium after deformation.
【AM】
fused filament fabrication (FFF) and direct writing (DW), provide the means to fabricate multistable one-dimensional and
two-dimensional structures with tailored buckling for restorable shock absorbers
【bistable materials and structures】
Tripple jetting technology also facilitates the fabrication of more complex torsional [9,10] or hierarchical bistable
[11] structures, which can achieve multiple activated states depending on the magnitude and direction of loading
value.
【Stimuli】
magnetic [23–25], electric [4], thermal
conditions [26,27], and liquid diffusion
[28].
1)Magnetic actuation of bistable structures allows fast transformations between complex 3D printed ferromagnetic materials [23].
2)The possibility of reprogramming bistable actuators through applying a magnetic field was also demonstrated through tessellated mechanical
metamaterials with stable memories [24].
3)Reconfiguring a structure to its second stable configuration by applying an electrical field was enabled by a trilayered polymeric material containing dielectric
elastomers [4].
By referring 【4】
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/am-pdf/
10.1002/adfm.201802999
4)*Thermal triggered origami design for
active reconfiguration indifferent
temperature
A few studies proposed the possibility of
thermal actuation of a bistable structure
and demonstrated the configurational
changes by altering temperature [26,
27,29].
Origami designs were employed to
facilitate active reconfiguration, triggered
by temperature modulation, in architected
structures with multiple stable
configurations [30,31].
Logic was also embodied in an
autonomous system by the transition
between bistability and monostability,
5) and the liquid diffusion was exploited as
a stimuli to trigger shape changes [28].
【Trigger design】
We present a strategy to reconfigure a
bistable state without requiring any
inherent shape memory properties, nor
any shape memory programming.
【programming】
The programmability is possible through
varying geometrical features (i.e. struts‘
thickness and the width ratio of stiff
material), which can be readily handled by
AM.
【SMP & SMA in practical】
The shape memory effect in special alloys and polymers occurs when a temperature-induced phase transformation reverses deformation [33].
Fig. 1a presents a typical cycle of load-deformation-temperature in shape memory alloys where a deformed detwinned martensite microstructure restores its
original shape after being heated and transformed to the austenite phase.
Twinned Martensite
The twinned martensite is formed by a
combination of self-accommodated
martensitic variants, whereas in the de-
twinned martensite a specific variant is
predominant.
From: Shape Memory Alloy Engineering,
2015
From <https://www.sciencedirect.com/
topics/mathematics/twinned-martensite>
The detwinned martensite, which forms while cooling below Ms if a compressive or tensile stress, above a certain threshold, is
applied to the material. Under this condition, all domains orient themselves according to the direction of the applied loads and the
material exhibits the typical large, plastic-like strain. The reorientation process is called detwinning because it implies the
disappearance of all the twin variants and we call this variant stress martensite.
From <https://www.sciencedirect.com/
topics/mathematics/twinned-martensite>
Austenite Phase
From <https://www.sciencedirect.com/
topics/engineering/austenite-phase>
Tunable thermally bistable multi-material
structure
# Tunable auxeticity in hydrogenated carbon nanotube origami metamaterial
Inspired by the origami architecture and
the progress in the functionalization of
carbon-based nanomaterials, we design a
carbon nanotube origami (CNT-O)
metamaterial with the assistance of
hydrogenation and by utilizing molecular
dynamics simulation.
# Tunable auxeticity in hydrogenated carbon nanotube origami metamaterial
Inspired by the origami architecture and
the progress in the functionalization of
carbon-based nanomaterials, we design a
carbon nanotube origami (CNT-O)
metamaterial with the assistance of
hydrogenation and by utilizing molecular
dynamics simulation.
# Tunable auxeticity in hydrogenated carbon nanotube origami metamaterial
Abstract:
[Phase transitions limitation]
In solid state physics, 1) phase transitions can influence material
functionality and alter their properties.
2) In mechanical metamaterials, structural-phase transitions can be achieved
through instability or buckling of certain structural elements.
However, these fast transitions in one mechanical parameter typically affect significantly
the remaining parameters, hence, limiting their applications.
Here, this limitation is addressed by designing a novel 3D mechanical metamaterial that is capable of undergoing a
phase transition from positive to negative Poisson's ratio under compression, without significant degradation of Young's
modulus (i.e. the phase transition is elastically-stable).
[method]
The metamaterial is fabricated by two-photon lithography at the micro-scale and its mechanical behavior is assessed
experimentally.
[3D shape]
For another choice of structural parameters, it is then shown that the auxetic behavior of the considered 3D metamaterial class can be maintained over a wide range of applied compressive strain.
Figure 1.Design philosophy of the novel 3D auxetic metamaterial. a) The partially-auxetic substructure has
expansion behavior in thex-direction andcontraction behavior in they-direction when compressed in thez-
direction. For some specific parameters, contraction in they-direction is larger thanexpansion in thex-
direction, that isΔy>Δx. The green dotted line outlines the pre-deformed shape in thexy-plane when the
substructure is compressedin thez-direction. b) Repeatable cell obtained by alternately arranging the
partially-auxetic substructure along thex−andy-directions. c) Unit cell withnegative Poisson’s ratio effect in all
three principal directions. d) SEM images of the considered 3D mechanical metamaterial fabricated by two
photonlithography with the custom IP-S resin. e) A close-up view taken from (d).
Active Materials for Functional Origami
ORIGAMI PATTERNS
Design, Actuation, and Functionalization of Untethered Soft Magnetic Robots with Life-Like Motions: A Review
other ORIGAMI PATTERN
Algorithmic design of origami mechanisms
and tessellations
Origami-inspired thin-film shape memory
alloy devicesz
Architected Origami Materials: How
Folding Creates Sophisticated Mechanical
Properties
@@ REVIEW: design, material,
function, fubrication
Design, material, function, and
fabrication of metamaterials
Three different Poission Rate
Subtopic
Subtopic
Design, Actuation, and Functionalization
of Untethered Soft Magnetic Robots
with Life-Like Motions: A Review
@@@ REVIEW: soft Robots
Decade of bio-inspired soft robots: a review
Tessellation: MIURA-Ori
# Origami-inspired Miura-ori honeycombs with a self-locking
property
# Multimaterial 3D printed self-locking thick-panel origami metamaterials
[Abstract]
Thick-panel origami has shown great
potential in engineering applications.
[Problems]
However, the thick-panel origami created
by current design methods cannot be
readily adopted to structural applications
due to the inefficient manufacturing
methods.
[What]
thick-panel origami structures with
excellent foldability and capability of
withstanding cyclic loading.
[AM]
(FDM) (multimaterial)
rigid panels are
wrapped and connected by highly
stretchable soft parts.
[Configuration]
Through stacking two thick-panel origami
panels into a predetermined configuration,
we develop a 3D self-locking thick-panel
origami structure that deforms by
following a push-to-pull mode
[Pros]
enabling the origami structure to support a
load over 11000 times of its own weight
and sustain more than 100 cycles of 40%
compressive strain.
[Programmable]
After optimizing geometric parameters
through a self-built theoretical model, we
demonstrate that the mechanical
response of the self-locking thick-panel
origami structure is highly programmable,
and such multi-layer origami structure can
have a substantially improved impact
energy absorption for various structural
applications.
rigid-foldable origami
*Multimaterial 3D printed self-locking thick-panel origami metamaterials
Intro.
[Rigid-foldable origami]
Rigid-foldable origami or rigid origami is a
subset of origami, where facets that are
typically rigid panels rotate around
predetermined hinges without any
tension-bend deformation during
continuous folding process
Therefore, rigid-foldable origami can be
regarded as a deployment mechanism
with stiff panels and hinges, which have
advantages in various engineering
applications25. In general, rigid-foldable
origami patterns are created from
idealized models that treat the facets as
having zero thickness
PLA/ABS + TPU
(b), reprinted with permission from van Manen et al., “Theoretical stiffness
limits of 4D printed selffolding metamaterials,” Commun. Mater. 3, 43
(2022). Copyright 2023 Springer Nature Limited. An example of the
applications of mechanical metamaterials in biomedical
engineering for creating meta-biomaterials
# Theoretical stiffness limits of 4D printed
self-folding metamaterials
Selg-folding cubic lattice
# Theoretical stiffness limits of 4D printed
self-folding metamaterials
# Self-bridging metamaterials surpassing
the theoretical limit of Poisson’s ratios
Engineering zero modes in transformable
mechanical metamaterials
# Encoding reprogrammable properties into magneto-mechanical materials via topology
optimization
Electromagnetic Reconfiguration Using
Stretchable Mechanical Metamaterials
Material
. ABS is a thermoplastic It is known for its
strength and durability, making it a popular
choice for functional parts and prototypes.
ABS is also known for its high resistance
to impact and heat, making it a good
choice for parts that will be exposed to
these conditions.
. PLA is a biodegradable thermoplastic
that is made from renewable resources
such as corn starch or sugarcane. It is a
popular choice for 3D printing due to its
ease of use and low environmental
impact. PLA is known for its high quality of
print, producing smooth and detailed
parts.
PLA is not as strong or durable as
ABS, so it may not be the best choice
for functional parts or prototypes that
will be exposed to impact or heat.
. PETG is a thermoplastic that is known for its
high strength and durability, making it a good
choice for functional parts and prototypes. It
also has a high resistance to impact and heat,
making it a great option for parts that will be
exposed to these conditions. Additionally,
PETG is known for its high transparency,
making it a good choice for parts that require a
clear finish. However, PETG is also known to
emit a strong, unpleasant odor when it is
being printed, which can be a concern for
some users.
. TPU is a flexible thermoplastic that is known for
its high flexibility and elasticity. It is a popular
choice for 3D printing soft parts such as phone
cases and flexible hinges. TPU is also known for
its high resistance to impact and heat, making it
a good choice for parts that will be exposed to
these conditions. However, TPU is not as strong
or durable as ABS or PETG, so it may not be the
best choice for functional parts or prototypes that
require a high level of strength.
The last type of filament we will discuss is Nylon. Nylon is a
thermoplastic that is known for its high strength, durability and
flexibility. It is a popular choice for 3D printing functional parts and
prototypes that require a high level of strength. Nylon is also known
for its high resistance to impact and heat, making it a good choice for
parts that will be exposed to these conditions. However, Nylon is
also known to absorb moisture, which can affect the quality of the
print. Additionally, Nylon can be difficult to print with, as it requires
higher temperatures and a heated bed to prevent warping.
@@@ DL
@@@ 4D PRINTING
Environment-responsive soft robots
constructed from twisted LCE ribbons with
a stra
# Theoretical stiffness limits of 4D printed
self-folding metamaterials
# Adaptive metamaterials by functionally
graded 4D printing
Design for 4D printing: Modeling and computation of smart materials distributions
Using PDM and Polyjet
@@@ REVIEW: KIRIGAMI
An additive framework for kirigami design
4D
# Adaptive metamaterials by functionally
graded 4D printing
Design for 4D printing: Modeling and
computation of smart materials
distributions
Using PDM and Polyjet
MULTI-MATERIAL
SHAPE CHANGE
Subtopic
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/
article/abs/pii/S1742706123003380
A review of 4D printing
# Modeling and analysis of post-
processing conditions on 4D-
bioprinting of deformable hydrogel-
based biomaterial inks
Hydrogels are hydrophilic polymers that
possess both solid and liquid mechanical
behaviors through aggregation of polymer
networks and solvent molecules.
4D printing: Historical evolution,
computational insights and emerging
applications
@@@ REVIEW: ACTUATION
MATERIALs
Even a simple, low-cost
soft robot can have a high degree of
dexterity, adaptability, and redundancy,
allowing
for safe interaction with a variety of
environments and biological structures
shape-memory alloys,
dielectric elastomers,[9] ionic
polymers,[10,11] and hydrogel-based
actuators,[12–14]
@@@@ Robot Design
shape-memory
alloys,[7,8] dielectric elastomers,[9] ionic
polymers,[10,11] and hydrogel-based
actuators,[12–14]
[14] X. Le, W. Lu, J. Zhang, T. Chen, Adv.
Sci. 2019, 6, 1801584
Recent Progress in Biomimetic
Anisotropic Hydrogel Actuators
@@@ REVIEW: HYDROGEL
# Recent Progress in Biomimetic Anisotropic Hydrogel Actuators
Active Materials for Functional Origami
Active Materials for Functional Origami
@@@ HYDROGELS
# Modeling and analysis of post-processing conditions on
4D-bioprinting of deformable hydrogel-based biomaterial
inks
Hydrogels are hydrophilic polymers that
possess both solid and liquid mechanical
behaviors through aggregation of polymer
networks and solvent molecules.
A hydrogel-based mechanical metamaterial for the interferometric profiling of extracellular
vesicles in patient samples
# Magnetorheological Fluid-Based Flow
Control for Soft Robots
actuation methods
such as shape-memoryalloys,
[7,8]dielectric elastomers,
[9]ionicpolymers,[10,11]and hydrogel-
based actua-tors,[1
Refer
[18]Soft Poly-Limbs: Toward a New
Paradigm of Mobile
Manipulation for Daily Living Tasks
Recent Progress in Biomimetic
Anisotropic Hydrogel Actuators
[14] X. Le, W. Lu, J. Zhang, T. Chen, Adv.
Sci. 2019, 6, 1801584
# Recent Progress in Biomimetic
Anisotropic Hydrogel Actuators
@@@@ sub-REVIEW: HYDROGEL
Bioinspired hydrogel actuator for soft
robotics: Opportunity and challenges
Nature-inspired strategies for the
synthesis of hydrogel actuators and
their applications
@@@ graphene
# 3D Printed Graphene-Based
Metamaterials: Guesting Multi-
Functionality in One Gain
Advanced functional materials with fascinating properties and extended structural design have
greatly broadened their applications. Metamaterials, exhibiting unprecedented physical
properties (mechanical, electromagnetic, acoustic, etc.), are considered frontiers of physics,
material science, and engineering. With the emerging 3D printing technology, the
manufacturing of metamaterials becomes much more convenient. Graphene, due to its
superior properties such as large surface area, superior electrical/thermal conductivity, and
outstanding mechanical properties, shows promising applications to add multi-functionality into
existing metamaterials for various applications. In this review, the aim is to outline the latest
developments and applications of
3D printed graphene-based metamaterials
. The structure
design of different types of metamaterials and the fabrication strategies for 3D printed
graphene-based materials are first reviewed. Then the representative explorations of 3D
printed graphene-based metamaterials and multi-functionality that can be introduced with such
a combination are further discussed. Subsequently, challenges and opportunities are provided,
seeking to point out future directions of 3D printed graphene-based metamaterials.
@@@@ graphene patch antenna
A reconfigurable graphene patch antenna
inverse design at terahertz frequencies
This article investigates the inverse design of a reconfigurable
multi-band patch
antenna based on graphene for terahertz applications
to operate frequency range
(2–5THz). Then and due to the complexity of the design of graphene antenna, a deep
neural network
(DNN)
is used to predict the antenna parameters by given inputs like
desired realized gain, main lobe direction, half power beam width, and return loss in
each resonance frequency. The trained DNN model predicts almost with 93%
accuracy and 3% mean square error in the shortest time. Then, this network was
used to design five-band and three-band antennas, and it has been shown that the
desired antenna parameters are achieved with negligible errors. Therefore, the
proposed antenna finds many potential applications in the THz frequency band.
@@@@ 3D printed graphene-based
metamaterials
@@@ Textile Metamaterials
Implant-to-implant wireless networking with metamaterial textiles
Textile-integrated metamaterials for near-
field multibody area networks
Design, characterization and fabrication of
a flexible broadband metamaterial
absorber based on textile
Digitally-embroidered liquid metal
electronic textiles for wearable wireless
systems
@@ MINDSTORM
Non-reciprocal and non-Newtonian
mechanical metamaterials
Non-Newtonian liquids are characterized by stress and velocity-dependent dynamical response. In elasticity, and in particular, in the field of phononics, reciprocity in the
equations acts against obtaining a directional response for passive media.
Active stimuli-responsive materials have been conceived to overcome it.
Significantly,
Milton and Willis have shown theoretically in 2007 that quasi-rigid bodies containing masses at resonance can display a very rich dynamical behavior, hence opening a
route toward the design of non-reciprocal and non-Newtonian metamaterials. In this PAPER, we design a solid structure that displays unidirectional shock resistance,
thus going beyond Newton’s second law in analogy to non-Newtonian fluids.
We design the mechanical metamaterial with finite element analysis and fabricate it
using three-dimensional printing at the centimetric scale (with fused deposition modeling) and at the micrometric scale (with two-photon lithography).
The
non-Newtonian elastic response is measured via dynamical velocity-dependent experiments. Reversing the direction of the impact, we further highlight the intrinsic non-
reciprocal response.
@@@ Non-reciprocal and non-
Newtonian
@@@
Disordered
hyperuniform media
# Extraordinary Disordered Hyperuniform Multifunctional
Composites
componentstructures that have
desirable
mechanical, thermal, electrical,optical,
acoustic and flow properties.
Disordered hyperuniform
manufacturing
@@@ Heterogeneous materials
Heterogeneous materials consisting of different phases are ideally suited to
achieve a broad spectrum of desirable bulk physical properties by combining the
best features of the constituents through the strategic spatial arrangement of the
different phases.
intro
Design+ Manu
# Designing disordered hyperuniform two-phase materials with novel physical
properties
Methodology to construct large realizations of perfectly hyperuniform disordered packings
Multifunctional composites for elastic and electromagnetic wave propagation
Our findings enable one to design
multifunctional composites via inverse
techniques, including the exterior
components of spacecraft or building
materials, heat sinks for CPUs, sound-
absorbing housings for motors, and
nondestructive evaluation of materials.
Polymer: PDU
@@@ BI-MATERIAL
# Repeated
Functions
Active Shape-Shifting
Load Bearing and Impact Protection
Elastic Waves Propagation Adjustment
Acoustic Stealth
Mobility
@@@ SELF HEALING/SELF FOLDING/
SELF-LOCKING
ORIGAMI simulation tools/Origami Simulator
The detwinned martensite
methodology
# Designing disordered hyperuniform two-phase
materials with novel physical properties
Multifunctional composites for elastic and
electromagnetic wave propagation
Methodology to construct large realizations of perfectly
hyperuniform disordered packings
In the thermomechanical analysis, we
consider the
shape recovery%, the force
recovery%, and the shape fixity%
as the
shape memory properties.
thermomechanical analysis
@@@@ thermomechanical
Advances in 3D/4D printing of mechanical
metamaterials: From manufacturing to
applications
@@@@ TUBULAR
@@@@ UNIT CELL/CELLULAR
A Highly Multi-Stable Meta-Structure via Anisotropy for Large and Reversible Shape
Transformation
@@@@ CYLINDER
honeycomb unit cell
# Origami-inspired Miura-ori honeycombs with a self-locking
property
thin-walled cellular structures
# Inverse machine learning discovered
metamaterials with record high recovery
stress
Highlights
Discovered thin-walled cellular structures
by statistical analysis and machine
learning.
4D printed thin-walled cellular structures
with record-high recovery stress.
In-plane mechanical behavior superior to
control honeycomb.
Machine learning discovered bending-
dominated metamaterials showing
comparable or better mechanical
properties than tension dominated
metamaterials.
# 4D Multiscale Origami Soft Robots: A
Review
# 4D Multiscale Origami Soft Robots: A
Review
Approaches for Minimizing Joints in
Single-Degree-of-Freedom Origami-
Based Mechanisms
Continuum Field Theory for the
Deformations of Planar Kirigami
# Multimaterial 3D printed self-locking thick-panel origami metamaterials
Origami-inspired Miura-ori honeycombs with a self-locking property
# Theoretical stiffness limits of 4D printed self-folding metamaterials
# Self-bridging metamaterials surpassing
the theoretical limit of Poisson’s ratios
# Encoding reprogrammable properties into magneto-mechanical materials via topology
optimization
Deep-Learning-Enabled Intelligent Design of Thermal Metamaterials
report
@@@ Textile
# @@@ Textile Metamaterials
Implant-to-implant wireless networking with metamaterial textiles
Textile-integrated metamaterials for near-
field multibody area networks
Design, characterization and fabrication of
a flexible broadband metamaterial
absorber based on textile
Digitally-embroidered liquid metal
electronic textiles for wearable wireless
systems
@@@ ENERGY HARVESTING
Mechanical energy metamaterials in
interstellar travel
Discussion indicates that kinetic energy
resulted in cosmic dust grains collision
and photovoltaic energy from starlight can
be the main energy sources for
mechanical energy metamaterials.
Very interesting but no PAPER
@@@ ADHESION/ADHESIVE
Metamaterial adhesives for
programmable adhesion
through reverse crack
propagation
Adhesives are typically either
strong and permanent or reversible with limited strength
.
However, current strategies to create strong yet reversible adhesives needed for wearable
devices, robotics and material disassembly lack independent control of strength and release,
require complex fabrication or only work in specific conditions. Here we report metamaterial
adhesives that simultaneously achieve strong and releasable adhesion with spatially
selectable adhesion strength through programmed cut architectures. Nonlinear cuts uniquely
suppress crack propagation by forcing cracks to propagate backwards for 60× enhancement
in adhesion, while allowing crack growth in the opposite direction for easy release and
reusability. This mechanism functions in numerous adhesives on diverse substrates in wet
and dry conditions and enables highly tunable adhesion with independently programmable
adhesion strength in two directions simultaneously at any location. We create these
multifunctional materials in a maskless, digital fabrication framework to rapidly customize
adhesive characteristics with deterministic control for next-generation adhesives.
Material
(PDMS) adhesive supported on an
inextensible polyethylene terephthalate
(PET) backing.
programmable
[two directional forces] We spatially programmed adhesion in
discrete regions and
decoupled
the directionality by introducing a second set of
rectangular cuts into
each adhesive region to independently tune the
maximum force in both peel directions
Reversible
Abstract
Metamaterial adhesives are unique
compared to a range of common
reversible adhesives and strong
adhesives, achieving Post-it Note-like
easy release and reusability at Fmin, with
adhesive strength comparable to duct
tape at Fmax (Fig. 1f).
[two force range]
We define the maximum adhesion force
(Fmax) as the
condition at which high adhesion is
generated, and the minimum adhesion
force (Fmin) as the condition at which low
adhesion or easy release
is attained.
two dirrectional
TOy model
Macromolecule
conformational shaping
for extreme mechanical programming of
polymorphic hydrogel fibers
helix
Fabrication of helix–fiber composites
with mechanically coupled core-
wrapping for programmable properties
no access
@@@@ PAPERS
@@@@ PAPERS
@@@@ PAPERS
@@@@ commercially available/self-
assembled 3D printer
Photonic neural network (PNN)
Dual adaptive training of photonic neural
networks
papers
intro
With high bandwidth, high connectivity,
built-in hardware processing and other
characteristics, it can accelerate the
partial attack of the mixture of software
and electronic hardware, and can reach
the "light speed", providing a promising
method to replace the scheme of artificial
neural network.
@@@ papers
[2023] Multistable sheets with rewritable
patterns for switchable shape-morphing
[2023] Embedded shape morphing for morphologically adaptive robots
Embedded shape morphing
[2023] Embedded shape morphing for morphologically adaptive robots
We showcase this embedded scheme using three
morphing robotic systems:
1) self-sensing shape-morphing grippers that can
adapt to objects for adaptive grasping;
2) a quadrupedal robot that can morph its body
shape for different terrestrial locomotion modes
(walk, crawl, or horizontal climb);
3) an untethered robot that can morph its limbs’
shape for amphibious locomotion.
Shape-morphing robots can change their
morphology to fulfill different tasks in
varying environments, but existing shape-
morphing capability is not embedded in a
robot’s body, requiring bulky supporting
equipment. Here, we report an embedded
shape-morphing scheme with the shape
actuation, sensing, and locking, all
embedded in a robot’s body.
why emmbedded
programmble
Design
We also create a library of embedded
morphing modules to demonstrate the
versatile programmable shapes (e.g.,
torsion, 3D bending, surface morphing,
etc.). Our embedded morphing scheme
offers a promising avenue for robots to
reconfigure their morphology in an
embedded manner that can adapt to
different environments on demand.
https://www.nature.com/articles/
s41467-023-41708-6/figures/2
The actuation and sensing (Fig. 2b) for
the module are both accomplished by a
twisted-and-coiled actuator (TCA), a
thermal-driven artificial muscle that can
contract when heated up and relax after
cooling down. A TCA is chosen for the
actuation because 1) it can be actuated by
electricity with a low voltage (a few volts)
but with a large energy density (larger
than human muscles); 2) it can serve both
as an actuator and a sensor (i.e., self-
sensing) at the same time47; 3) it is soft
and can be embedded into a structure in
any shapes48.
@@@@ SOFT ROBOT Manu.
# 4D Multiscale Origami Soft Robots: A
Review
Programming Nonreciprocity
Programming nonreciprocity and reversibility in
multistable mechanical metamaterials
@@@ Medical Use
Additive manufacturing and post-processing of superelastic NiTi micro struts as
building blocks for cardiovascular stents
Topological defects produce exotic mechanics in complex metamaterials
Topo
Rigidly flat-foldable class of lockable origami-inspired metamaterials with topological stiff states
# Rigidly flat-foldable class of lockable origami-inspired metamaterials with topological stiff
states
Auxetic Kirigami Metamaterials upon
Large Stretching
Auxetic Kirigami Metamaterials upon
Large Stretching
Deep learning for the rare-event rational design of 3D printed multi-
material mechanical metamaterials
# Deep Learning in Mechanical Metamaterials: From Prediction and Generation to
Inverse Design
@@@@ HYDROGELS PAPERS
@ LABELS
[2022] - PAPER PUBLILSHED YEAR
[2022-10%] - PAPER IMPORTANCY
@: sub-title
@@ REVIEW: Metamaterial
REVIEW
[2023-80%] Mechanical metamaterials and
beyond
[2023-10%] A reprogrammable
mechanical metamaterial with origami
functional-group transformation and ring
reconfiguration
Here, we introduce a reprogrammable
mechanical metamaterial composed of
origami elements with heterogeneous
mechanical properties, which achieves
various mechanical behavior patterns by
functional group transformations and ring
reconfigurations.
@@@@ Shape transformation/
multibody kinematic system
[2023-20%] A multibody kinematic system approach for the design of shape-morphing
mechanism-based metamaterials
Here, we present a method to assess the shape-matching behavior of shape-morphing
structures using a multibody systems approach wherein the structure is represented by a
collection of nodes and their associated constraints.
This representation preserves the kinematic properties of the original structure while
allowing for a rigorous treatment of the shape-morphing behavior of the underlying
metamaterial. We assessed the utility of the proposed method by applying it to a wide
range of 2D/3D sample shape-morphing structures. A modular system of joints and links
was also 3D printed for the experimental realization of the systems under study. Both our
simulations and the experiments confirmed the ability of the presented technique to
capture the true shape-morphing behavior of complex shape-morphing metamaterials.
@@@ Painting
# [2023-60%] Painting on programmable
reconfigurable metastructures
Lattices of micrometre-sized metamaterials embedded
in thermoresponsive hydrogels deform upon heating to
reveal encrypted images from a blank gel canvas.
@@@@ THERMAL TRAGGERED
HYDROGEL
# [2023-60%] Painting on programmable
reconfigurable metastructures
Lattices of micrometre-sized metamaterials embedded
in thermoresponsive hydrogels deform upon heating to
reveal encrypted images from a blank gel canvas.
Rapid inverse design with machine
learning
Rapid inverse design of metamaterials based on prescribed mechanical behavior through machine learning
@@@@ Knitted/Stitch
Programming Mechanics in Knitted Materials, Stitch by Stitch
@@@@ HYDRIGEL MANUF.
Rapid fabrication of physically robust hydrogels
@@@ ELECTRIC
@@@@ Phononic band–gap materials
What is phononic band gap?
Phononic band–gap materials prevent
elastic waves in certain frequency ranges
from propagating, and they may therefore
be used to generate frequency filters, as
beam splitters, as sound or vibration
protection devices, or as waveguides.
Micro-Scale Mechanical Metamaterial with
a Controllable Transition in the Poisson's
Ratio and Band Gap Formation
@@@@ application
[2023] 3D printing of polymer composites
to fabricate wearable sensors: A
comprehensive review
@@@@ wearable SENSORS
Triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS)
TPMS metamaterial structures based on
shape memory polymers: Mechanical,
thermal and thermomechanical
assessment
Triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS)
are a type of metamaterial that get their
unusual properties from the topology of
microstructure elements, but they provide
non-controllable properties.
In the thermomechanical analysis, we
consider the shape recovery%, the force
recovery%, and the shape fixity% as the
shape memory properties.
programmable/encoding
Digital Mechanical Metamaterial:
Encoding Mechanical Information with
Graphical Stiffness Pattern for Adaptive
Soft Machines
Inspired by the adaptive features exhibited
by biological organisms like the octopus,
soft machines that can tune their shape
and mechanical properties have shown
great potential in applications involving
unstructured and continuously changing
environments. However, current soft
machines are far from achieving the same
level of adaptability as their biological
counterparts, hampered by limited real-
time tunability and severely deficient
reprogrammable space of properties and
functionalities. As a steppingstone toward
fully adaptive soft robots and smart
interactive machines, this work introduces
an encodable multifunctional material that
uses graphical stiffness patterns to in situ
program versatile mechanical capabilities
without requiring additional infrastructure.
Through independently switching the
digital binary stiffness states (soft or rigid)
of individual constituent units of a simple
auxetic structure with elliptical voids, this
work demonstrates in situ and gradational
tunability in various mechanical qualities
such as shape-shifting and -memory,
stress-strain response, and Poisson's
ratio under compressive load, as well as
application-oriented functionalities such
as tunable and reusable energy
absorption and pressure delivery. This
digitally programmable material is
expected to pave the way toward multi-
environment soft robots and interactive
machines.
@@ REVIEW: TEXTILE
[2023-50%] Functional Textiles with
Smart Properties: Their Fabrications
and Sustainable Applications
research activities of functional textiles with smart properties.
Specifically, a brief exposition of highlighting the significance and rising demands of novel textiles
throughout the human society is begun.
Next, a systematic review is provided about the fabrication of functional textiles from 1D spinning, 2D
modification, and 3D construction, their diverse functionality as well as sustainable applications,
showing a clear picture of evolved textiles to the readers.
How to engineer the compositions, structures, and properties of functional textiles is elaborated to
achieve different smart properties.
@@@@ REVIEW: bio-inspired soft
robot
@@@@ REVIEW: Origami Soft Robots
@@@@ REVIEW: Soft Magnetic
Robots
@@@@ REVIEW: Soft Pneumatic
Actuators
@@@@ 3D Laser Nanoprinting
3D Laser Nanoprinting of Functional
Materials
# A Review of 3D-Printable Soft Pneumatic Actuators and
Sensors: Research Challenges and Opportunities
@@@@ Soft Pneumatic Actuators
Zero-Power Shape Retention in Soft Pneumatic Actuators with
Extensional and Bending Multistability
3D Knitting for Pneumatic Soft Robotics
A deep learning approach for inverse
design of gradient mechanical
metamaterials
@@@@ INVERSE DESIGN: ML/DL
# Deep Learning in Mechanical Metamaterials: From Prediction and Generation to Inverse Design
REVIEW
Inverse Design of Inflatable Soft Membranes Through Machine Learning
% WORDS:
% WORDS:
Machine learning assisted design of shape-programmable 3D kirigami metamaterials
# Machine learning assisted design of shape-programmable 3D kirigami
metamaterials
ML
@@ ML unclassified papers
# Machine learning assisted design of shape-programmable 3D kirigami
metamaterials
@@@ intro.
Composites depend on the spatial distributions of materials or properties.
Including SMP/SMA/elastomer/hydrogel
Difficulties:active material involves higher
geometric or material nonlinearities (e.g., multiphysics driven
material nonlinearity).
Deep Learning-Assisted Active Metamaterials with Heat-Enhanced Thermal Transport
@@ REVIEW: PROGRAMMABLE
[2023-85%] programmable multi-
physical mechanics of mechanical
metamaterials
Mechanical metamaterials are engineered materials with unconventional mechanical behavior that originates from artificially programmed
microstructures along with intrinsic material properties. With tremendous advancement in computational and manufacturing capabilities to realize
complex microstructures over the last decade, the field of mechanical metamaterials has been attracting wide attention due to immense
possibilities of achieving unprecedented multi-physical properties which are not attainable in naturally-occurring materials. One of the rapidly
emerging trends in this field is to couple the mechanics of material behavior and the unit cell architecture with different other multi-physical aspects
such as electrical or magnetic fields, and stimuli like mtemperature, light or chemical reactions to expand the scope of actively programing on-
demand mechanical responses. In this article, we aim to abridge outcomes of the relevant literature concerning mechanical and multi-physical
property modulation of metamaterials focusing on the emerging trend of bi-level design, and subsequently highlight the broad-spectrum potential
of mechanical metamaterials in their critical engineering applications. The evolving trends, challenges and future roadmaps have been critically
analyzed here involving the notions of real-time reconfigurability and
functionality programming, 4D printing, nano-scale metamaterials,
artificial intelligence and machine learning, multi-physical origami/kirigami, living matter, soft and conformal metamaterials,
manufacturing complex microstructures, service-life effects and scalability.
One of the most rapidly evolving fields in
mechanical metamaterials is soft
metamaterials for their anticipated
applications in a range of engineering
systems including soft robotics and
biomedical devices. In such analysis, the
aspect of nonlinearity and large
deformations
@@ Service-life effects:
environmental and
operational conditions
@@ REVIEW: MATERIAL
# Inverse machine learning discovered
metamaterials with record high recovery
stress
[2023] General assembly rules for
metamaterials with scalable twist effects
Highlights
Screw theory to unravel mechanism underlying the unscalable twist effects.
General assembly rules for scalable twist effects.
An analytical scaling rule to characterize the twist angle.
Scalable twist effects realized in various unit-cell geometries and multiple axes both
numerically and experimentally.
Evaluation of shock migration
performance for a multi-stable mechanical
metamaterial
shock migration performance?
quasi-static performance and the viscoelastic properties
of the substrate are ignored,
which could cause great deviations in shock migration performance evaluation.
@@@ shock migration performance
Evaluation of shock migration
performance for a multi-stable mechanical
metamaterial
shock migration performance?
quasi-static performance and the viscoelastic properties
of the substrate are ignored,
which could cause great deviations in shock migration performance evaluation.
@@@ Tunable thermally bistable
@@ REUSABLE
A re-usable negative stiffness mechanical metamaterial
composed of Bi-material systems for high energy dissipation
and shock isolation
A re-usable negative stiffness mechanical metamaterial
composed of Bi-material systems for high energy dissipation and
shock isolation
A re-usable negative stiffness mechanical metamaterial
composed of Bi-material systems for high energy dissipation and
shock isolation
Learning the nonlinear dynamics of mechanical metamaterials with
graph networks
graph networks.
nonlinear
Learning the nonlinear dynamics of mechanical metamaterials with
graph networks
graph networks.
@@@@ ABAQUS
Thermal–mechanical metamaterial analysis and optimization using an
Abaqus plugin
A designer’s challenge: Unraveling the architected structure of deep sea sponges for lattice
mechanical metamaterials
子主题
Development, fabrication and mechanical characterisation of
auxetic bicycle handlebar grip
Adobe Introduces Project Primrose, a
Digital Animated Dress That Can Change
Patterns
@@@@ Pattern Change Cloth [Adobe]
Project Primrose: Reflective Light-Diffuser
Modules for Non-Emissive Flexible
Display Systems
intro
paper
video
#ProjectPrimrose | Adobe MAX Sneaks
2023
@@ CONTINUUM MECHANICS
@@@ BOOK:
@@@ PAPERS:
An Introduction to Continuum Mechanics
# [2022] Continuum Field Theory for the Deformations
of Planar Kirigami
(1) Kinematics (strain-displacement
equations)
(2) Kinetics (conservation of momenta)
(3) Thermodynamics (first and second
laws of thermodynamics)
(4) Constitutive equations (stress-strain
relations)
@@@@ BOOKs
Reinforcement Learning: An introduction
(Second Edition) by Richard S. Sutton and
Andrew G. Barto
@@@@ Intro RL
Reinforcement Learning 101
A reprogrammable mechanical metamaterial with
origami functional-group transformation and ring
reconfiguration
@@ REPROGRAMMABLE
A reprogrammable mechanical metamaterial with
origami functional-group transformation and ring
reconfiguration
Deep Learning-Accelerated Designs of Tunable Magneto-Mechanical Metamaterials
@@ DL METHODS
Recurrent neural network
(RNN); LSTM; GRU
Connect nodes (neurons) forming a
directed
graph with history information stored in
hidden states; operate on sequential data
Prediction of fracture patterns in
crystalline solids; prediction
of plastic behaviors in
heterogeneous materials;multi-scale
modeling of porous media
convolutional neural networks(CNNs)
Capture features at different hierarchical levels by calculating convolutions;
operate on pixel-based or voxel-based data
Intro.
structural topology optimization1
Applica.
Prediction of strain fields or elastic properties of high-contrast composites
Prediction of strain fields or elastic properties of high-contrast composites,
modulus of unidirectional
composites,stress fields in cantilevered structures, or yield
strength of additive-manufactured metals;
prediction of fatigue crack propagation in polycrystalline alloys;
prediction of crystal plasticity;
design of tessellate composites;
design of stretchable graphene kirigami;
Pro/Cons
because the CNN model cannot predict some complicated
designs very well whilst the inverse design problem requires
high prediction accuracy
Multilayer Perceptrons (MLP)
A multilayer perceptron (MLP) is a class of a feedforward artificial neural network (ANN).
MLPs models are the most basic deep neural network, which is composed of a series of
fully connected layers. Today, MLP machine learning methods can be used to overcome the
requirement of high computing power required by modern deep learning architectures.
Each new layer is a set of nonlinear functions of a weighted sum of all outputs (fully
connected) from the prior one.
Intro.
deep neural network (DNN)
A reconfigurable graphene patch antenna
inverse design at terahertz frequencies
This article investigates the inverse design of a reconfigurable
multi-band patch
antenna based on graphene for terahertz applications
to operate frequency range
(2–5THz). Then and due to the complexity of the design of graphene antenna, a deep
neural network
(DNN)
is used to predict the antenna parameters by given inputs like
desired realized gain, main lobe direction, half power beam width, and return loss in
each resonance frequency. The trained DNN model predicts almost with 93%
accuracy and 3% mean square error in the shortest time. Then, this network was
used to design five-band and three-band antennas, and it has been shown that the
desired antenna parameters are achieved with negligible errors. Therefore, the
proposed antenna finds many potential applications in the THz frequency band.
MLP
CNN
RNN
variational autoencoders (VAEs)
are mainly used for generating geometry in mechanical metamaterials
Intro.
Appli.
This critical review provides a comprehensive overview of the capabilities of deep learning in property prediction, geometry
generation, and inverse design of mechanical metamaterials.
Additionally, this review highlights the potential of leveraging deep learning to create universally applicable datasets, intelligently
designed metamaterials, and material intelligence. This article is expected to be valuable not only to researchers working on
mechanical metamaterials but also those in the field of materials informatics.
3D PRINTING: DIW
In this work, we develop an inverse design framework where a
deep residual network
replaces the conventional finite-element analysis for acceleration
, realizing metamaterials
with predetermined global strains under magnetic actuations.
For validation,
a direct-ink-writing printing method of the magnetic soft materials is
adopted to fabricate the designed complex metamaterials.
The deep learning-accelerated design framework opens avenues for the designs of magneto-
mechanical metamaterials and other active metamaterials with target mechanical, acoustic,
thermal, and electromagnetic properties.c
Here, an intelligent design framework of thermal metamaterials is presented via a
pre-trained deep learning
model, which gracefully achieves the desired functional structures of thermal metamaterials with exceptional
speed and efficiency, regardless of arbitrary geometry.
It possesses incomparable versatility and is of great flexibility to achieve the
corresponding design of
thermal metamaterials with different background materials, anisotropic geometries, and thermal
functionalities.
In particular, we study the relationship between random distributions of hard and soft phases in three
types of planar lattices and the resulting mechanical properties of the two-dimensional networks.
We then select ten designs to be 3D printed, mechanically test them, and characterize their behavior
using digital image correlation to validate the accuracy of our computational models. Our simulation
results show that our deep learning-based algorithms can accurately predict the mechanical behavior of
the different designs and that our modeling results match experimental observations.
Heat management is crucial for state-of-the-art applications such as passive radiative cooling, thermally adjustable
wearables, and camouflage systems. Their adaptive versions, to cater to varied requirements, lean on the potential of
adaptive metamaterials.
@@ four topics
(1) Metamaterials (mechanical, phononic, acoustic etc.)
(2) Reconfigurable and Multistable metamaterials (multi-material)
(3) Nonlinear finite element concept (buckling, instability, nonlinear elasticity)
(4) Inverse design using machine learning and differences with
optimization
Phase 0
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 0
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 0
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 0
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Model Training and Validation
Data Collection and Preprocessing
Performance Evaluation and Integration
Literature Review and Theoretical Framework
Software Implementation and Verification
Material Characterization and Model Calibration
@@@@ Application
Created With
MindMaster